The annual number of new HIV infections globally continued to decline gradually in 2018. Since a peak of 2.9 million [2.3 million–3.8 million] new infections (all ages) in 1997, year-on-year declines have grown smaller. The annual number of new infections (all ages) since 2010 has declined from 2.1 million [1.6 million–2.7 million] to 1.7 million [1.6 million–2.3 million] in 2018, a 16% reduction that leaves the world far off the 2020 target of fewer than 500 000 new infections.